Berchtold changed the title of the office to Reichsführer-SS (Reich Leader-SS). On 15 April 1926, Joseph Berchtold succeeded him as chief of the SS. Schreck, a founding member of the SA and a close confidant of Hitler, became the first SS chief in March 1925. Hitler's personal SS protection unit was later enlarged to include combat units. The new SS protected party leaders throughout Germany. Officially, the SS marked its foundation on 9 November 1925 (the second anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch). That same year, the Schutzkommando was expanded to a national organization and renamed successively the Sturmstaffel (Storm Squadron), and finally the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squad SS). It was tasked with providing personal protection for Hitler at party functions and events. In 1925, Hitler ordered Schreck to organize a new bodyguard unit, the Schutzkommando (Protection Command). The Stoßtrupp was abolished after the failed 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt by the Nazi Party to seize power in Munich. The unit was renamed Stoßtrupp (Shock Troops) in May 1923. Originally the unit was composed of eight men, commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold, and was modeled after the Erhardt Naval Brigade, a Freikorps of the time. The new formation was designated the Stabswache (Staff Guard). He wished it to be separate from the "suspect mass" of the party, including the paramilitary Sturmabteilung ("Storm Battalion" SA), which he did not trust. The same year, Hitler ordered the formation of a small bodyguard unit dedicated to his personal service. Nazi Party supporters and stormtroopers in Munich during the Beer Hall Putsch, 1923īy 1923, the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler had created a small volunteer guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz (Hall Security) to provide security at their meetings in Munich. 13.1 International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg.Ernst Kaltenbrunner, the highest-ranking surviving SS main department chief, was found guilty of crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials and hanged in 1946. After Nazi Germany's defeat, the SS and the Nazi Party were judged by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg to be criminal organizations. The SS was also involved in commercial enterprises and exploited concentration camp inmates as slave labor. Members of all of its branches committed war crimes and crimes against humanity during World War II (1939–45). The SS was the organization most responsible for the genocidal murder of an estimated 5.5 to 6 million Jews and millions of other victims during the Holocaust. They were tasked with the detection of actual or potential enemies of the Nazi state, the neutralization of any opposition, policing the German people for their commitment to Nazi ideology, and providing domestic and foreign intelligence. Additional subdivisions of the SS included the Gestapo and the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) organizations. A third component of the SS, the SS-Totenkopfverbände ( SS-TV " Death's Head Units" ), ran the concentration camps and extermination camps. The Allgemeine SS was responsible for enforcing the racial policy of Nazi Germany and general policing, whereas the Waffen-SS consisted of combat units within Nazi Germany's military. The two main constituent groups were the Allgemeine SS (General SS) and Waffen-SS (Armed SS). From the time of the Nazi Party's rise to power until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance, and terror within Germany and German-occupied Europe. Under his direction (1929–1945) it grew from a small paramilitary formation during the Weimar Republic to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. In 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. It began with a small guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz ("Hall Security") made up of party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. The Schutzstaffel ( SS also stylized as ᛋᛋ with Armanen runes German pronunciation: ( listen) "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo until 1939, when folded into the RSHA).
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